The 4K TV is an emerging technology that has a resolution of
3,840 x 2,160 pixels, 8 million pixels in total, and that is four times the
number of Full HD (1,920 x 1,080). You can enjoy the crystal-clear clarity of
4K TV by sitting as close as possible to the screen.
Especially effective on very large screens, 4K TV is also
known as Ultra HD or UHD. This additional resolution adds more color resolution
and depth to the picture, rendering images much more life-like. Images should
be viewed on 65-inch or larger TV sets.
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In order for 4K TV sets to render the full 4K experience,
content needs to be delivered in 4K. The problem with that is that not a lot of
it exists yet. Netflix is the current leader in providing 4K content. There are
also a few TV shows, movies, and documentaries available as 4K content if you
are willing to search for them.
If you hope to watch 4K TV, you also need a native 4K channel
source like BT Sport Ultra HD (which requires a BT Ultra-HD box). You can also
use the Android TV toting Nvidia Shield or the Amazon Fire TV. Other
manufacturers, such as Roku, have announced the release of 4K-capable streaming
boxes.
Older 4K TVs — those made in 2013 or 2014 — do not support 4K
streaming because they can’t decode the HEVC video format. Most 4K TVs made in
2015 are fully 4K capable.
Broadband needs to be a minimum of 15Mbps
(preferably 25Mbps) and HDMI v2.0 or later is required.
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4K resolution
4K resolution, also called 4K, refers to a
horizontal display resolution of approximately 4,000 pixels. Digital television
and digital cinematography commonly use several different 4K resolutions. In
television and consumer media, 3840 × 2160 (4K UHD) is the dominant 4K
standard, whereas the movie projection industry uses 4096 × 2160 (DCI 4K).
The 4K television market share increased as
prices fell dramatically during 2014 and 2015. By 2020, more than half of U.S.
households are expected to have 4K-capable TVs,a much faster adoption rate than
that of Full HD (1080p).
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Adoption
YouTube and the television industry have
adopted 3840 × 2160 as their 4K standard. As of 2014, 4K content from major
broadcasters remains limited. On April 11, 2013, Bulb TV created by Canadian
serial entrepreneur Evan Kosiner became the first broadcaster to provide a 4K
linear channel and VOD content to cable and satellite companies in North
America. The channel is licensed by the Canadian Radio-Television and
Telecommunications Commission to provide educational content. However, 4K
content is becoming more widely available online including on YouTube, Netflix,
and Amazon. By 2013, some UHDTV models were available to general consumers in the
range of US$600. As of 2015, prices on smaller computer and television panels
had dropped below US$400
DVB
In 2014, the Digital Video Broadcasting Project
released a new set of standards intended to guide the implementation of high
resolution content in broadcast television. Dubbed DVB-UHDTV, it establishes
two standards, known as UHD-1 (for 4K content) and UHD-2 (for 8K content).
These standards use resolutions of 3840 × 2160 and 7680 × 4320 respectively,
with framerates of up to 60 Hz, color depth up to 10 bpc (30 bit/px), and HEVC
encoding for transmission. DVB is currently focusing on the implementation of
the UHD-1 standard.
DVB finalized UHD-1 Phase 2 in 2016, with the
introduction of service by broadcasters expected in 2017. UHD-1 Phase 2 adds
features such as high dynamic range (using HLG and PQ at 10 or 12 bits), wide
color gamut (BT. 2020/2100 colorimetry), and high frame rate (up to 120 Hz).
Video streaming
YouTube, since 2010, and Vimeo allow a maximum
upload resolution of 4096 × 3072 pixels (12.6 megapixels, aspect ratio 4:3).
Vimeo's 4K content is currently limited to mostly nature documentaries and tech
coverage.
High Efficiency Video Coding (H.265) should
allow streaming 4K content with a bandwidth of 20 to 30 Mbit/s.
In January 2014, Naughty America launched the
first adult video service streaming in 4K.
Broadcasting
In November 2014, United States satellite
provider DirecTV became the first pay TV provider to offer access to 4K
content, although limited to selected video-on-demand films. In August 2015,
British sports network BT Sport launched a 4K feed, with its first broadcast
being the 2015 FA Community Shield football match. Two production units were
used, producing the traditional broadcast in high-definition, and a separate 4K
broadcast. As the network did not want to mix 4K footage with upconverted HD
footage, this telecast did not feature traditional studio segments at pre-game
or half-time, but those hosted from the stadium by the match commentators using
a 4K camera. BT envisioned that if viewers wanted to watch studio analysis,
they would switch to the HD broadcast and then back for the game. Footage was
compressed using H.264 encoders and transmitted to BT Tower, where it was then
transmitted back to BT Sport studios and decompressed for distribution, via
4K-compatible BT TV set-top boxes on an eligible BT Infinity internet plan with
at least a 25 Mbit/s connection.
In late 2015 and January 2016, three Canadian
television providers – including Quebec-based Videotron, Ontario-based Rogers
Cable, and Bell Fibe TV, announced that they would begin to offer 4K compatible
set-top boxes that can stream 4K content to subscribers over gigabit internet
service. On October 5, 2015, alongside the announcement of its 4K set-top box
and gigabit internet, Canadian media conglomerate Rogers Communications
announced that it planned to produce 101 sports telecasts in 4K in 2016 via its
Sportsnet division, including all Toronto Blue Jays home games, and
"marquee" National Hockey League games beginning in January 2016.
Bell Media announced via its TSN division a slate of 4K telecasts to begin on
January 20, 2016, including selected Toronto Raptors games and regional NHL
games.
On January 14, 2016, in cooperation with BT
Sport, Sportsnet broadcast the first ever NBA game produced in 4K – a Toronto
Raptors/Orlando Magic game at O2 Arena in London, England. On January 20, also
during a Raptors game, TSN presented the first live 4K telecast produced in
North America. Three days later, Sportsnet presented the first NHL game in 4K.
Dome Productions, a joint venture of Bell Media
and Rogers Media (the respective owners of TSN and Sportsnet), constructed a
"side-by-side" 4K mobile production unit shared by Sportsnet and
TSN's first 4K telecasts; it was designed to operate alongside a separate HD
truck and utilize cameras capable of output in both formats. For the opening
game of the 2016 Toronto Blue Jays season, Dome constructed
"Trillium" – a production truck integrating both 4K and 1080i
high-definition units. Bell Media's CTV also broadcast the 2016 Juno Awards in
4K as the first awards show presented in the format.
In February 2016, Univision trialed 4K by
producing a closed circuit telecast of a football friendly between the national
teams of Mexico and Senegal from Miami in the format. The broadcast was
streamed privately to several special viewing locations. Univision aimed to
develop a 4K streaming app to publicly televise the final of Copa América
Centenario in 4K. In March 2016, DirecTV and CBS Sports announced that they
would produce the "Amen Corner" supplemental coverage from the
Masters golf tournament in 4K.
After having trialed the technology in limited
matches at the 2013 FIFA Confederations Cup, and the 2014 FIFA World Cup (via
private tests and public viewings in the host city of Rio de Janeiro), the 2018
FIFA World Cup was the first FIFA World Cup in which all matches were produced
in 4K. Host Broadcasting Services stated that at least 75% of the broadcast cut
on each match would come from 4K cameras (covering the majority of main
angles), with instant replays and some camera angles being upconverted from
1080p sources. These broadcasts were made available from selected
rightsholders, such as the BBC in the United Kingdom, and selected television providers
in the United States.
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